Varkovychi

Dubno district, Rivne region

Sources:
- Jewish encyclopedia of Brockhaus & Efron;
- Russian Jewish encyclopedia. Translated from Russian by Eugene Snaider;
- The All South-Western Territory: reference and address book of the Kyiv, Podolsk and Volyn provinces. Printing house L.M. Fish and P.E. Wolfson, 1913;
- A.I. Kruglov, "Varkovichi", [in:] I.A. Altman (ed.), Holokost na tieritorii SSSR, Moscow 2009

Photo:
- European Jewish Cemeteries Initiative. Varkovychi Jewish Cemetery;
- Center for Jewish Art. Varkovychi (Varkovichi, Warkowicze)
- David Shay, Wikipedia. Varovychi and Ozeryany holocaust memorial

Rivne region - list of settlements and location of objects

Varkovychi, 2024

Varkovychi (ukr. Варковичі, rus. Варковичи), village in the Dubno district of Rivne region. In the 16-18 centuries - the town of Lutsk Povet of the Volyn Voivodeship as part of the Commonwealth. Since 1795 - as part of the Russian Empire. In the 19th - beginning of the 20th century - the town of Dubensky district of the Volyn province. In 1919–39 - in the Volyn Voivodeship as part of Poland, in 1939–91 - as part of the Ukrainian SSR.

In 1765, 322 Jews lived in Varkovychi,
in 1778 - 81,
in 1784 - 91,
in 1787 - 104,
in 1847 - 847,
in 1897 - 1119 (62.3%),
in 1921 - 886 (80.6%),
in 1931 - 996,
In 1941 - 1053 Jews.

In the 19th - early 20th centuries Jews made their living from small trade and crafts.

In 1903-12, the rabbi in Varkovychi was Meir-Chaim Sheikhet, since 1912 - Shmuel Roitenberg (1864–?).

In the 1910s, a school operated with teaching in Hebrew (40 students), in 1919 - the school of the Tarbut network (150 students).

In 1913, Jews owned only pharmacy, only warehouse of pharmacy products and all 17 shops in the township (excluding only 1 shop, where non-Jews traded non-kosher meat).


Jewish cemetery in Varkovychi, 2019

Varkovychi in the 1913 reference book


Holocaust memorial in Varovychi, 2019	Holocaust memorial to Varovychi and Ozeryany Jews at Holon Cemetery, Israel, 2012

December 9, 1917 in Varkovychi, a pogrom occurred, arranged by the soldiers of the troops of Central Rada.

In the 1920-30s, local government was headed by a Jew.
In 1925, the Jewish People's Bank was founded.

In the 1920s and 1930s, several headers, Talmud-Torah, a private Jewish school, a library, a drammt circle acted in Varkovychi.
In the 1920-30s there were branches of various Jewish parties and organizations.

There were 4 synagogues, including 2 Hasidic (Olyk and Trisk).

In 1940, the Jewish collective farm was organized in Varkovychi.

On June 27, 1941 German troops occupied Varkovychi. On July 8, 1941 a group of Jewish intellectuals (at least 3 men and 2 women) was shot.

Judenrat was created, then the ghetto, in which by the fall of 1942 there was approx. 2 thousand people. About 20 families of artisans lived outside the ghetto.

At the end of September 1942, Varkovychi Jews were warned by two German soldiers about the prepared destruction of the ghetto. Many fled, but were issued by Ukrainians and shot.

On October 7, 1942, the ghetto was destroyed. About 1.5 thousand Jews of the Varkovychi and about 1 thousand Jews from the village of Ozeryany were killed.

About 60 Jews were saved in nearby Czech villages.