Terebovlia

Ternopil district, Ternopil region

Sources:
- Pinkas Hakehillot Polin: Encyclopedia of Jewish Communities, Poland, Volume II, published by Yad Vashem, Jerusalem
- Jewish encyclopedia of Brockhaus & Efron
- Russian Jewish encyclopedia

Photo:
- Eugene Shnaider
- Tetiana Fedoriv
- Ukrainian Architectural Landmarks. Heritage of Terebovly
- FB Society Synagogues of Ukraine
- Albin Friedrich, Biblioteka Narodowa Polona. Trembowla

Ternopil region - list of settlements and location of objects

Terebovlia, 2013

Terebovlia (pl. Trembowla, ukr. Теребовля), the town in Ternopil region. In the 19th - early 20th centuries - in the province of Galicia in Austria-Hungary. In 1919–39 - as part of Poland, in 1939–91 - the Ukrainian SSR.

The first mention of the city dates back to 1097 in the Tale of Bygone Years, which makes it one of the oldest cities in Ukraine. Terebovlya is the ancient capital of the Terebovlya principality.


Castle of Terebovlia

Sophia Khshanovska, played a decisive role in the defense of Terebovlya from the Turks in 1675	Engraving "Battle of Terebovlya"	Aleksander Lesser, "Defense of Trembowla", 1864


Panorama	Modern monument to Sofia Khshanovska	Previous, Polish version of the monument

One of the city lustrations dates back to 1572, in which one can find confirmation that a Jewish community already existed in the city in the 16th century. The lustration indicates that there were 248 houses in the city, 2 priests and 10 Jews.

According to the lustration of 1616, there were 8 Jewish households in the city. It is also known that in the XVII century. there was a wooden synagogue in the city. A hundred years later (1765) the Jewish community was much larger - 89 households.

In the 19th century there were at least 2 synagogues in the city, including one old wooden one. The Jewish community predominantly lived in the Old City. Also in the city there was a separate Jewish cemetery, which stood on the site of a modern residential building.

Terebovlia was an important center of Hasidism and Jewish education - Haskala. The Hasidic dynasty of Terebovli is called Turkel.

During the First World War, the Jewish quarter burned down because there were many wooden buildings. Some of the Jewish families left the city as refugees before the advance of the Russian army.


Town Hall, built at the end of the 19th century	An old mansion under the castle hill. Zazamche street, 4	Maskarons	In the center

Old Polish postcard		House near the castle	Defensive Carmelite Monastery, 1640

Church of St. Peter and Paul, built in 1924–1928	And these postcards from Austrian times		House of branch of gymnastic society Sokol (Falcon). Prince Vasilko street

As of mid-1941, about 1,700 Jews lived in Terebovlya. In November 1942, Jews were resettled in the city from the surrounding villages and two cities - Strusiv and Budaniv.
On November 5, 1942, 1091 people were taken to the Belzec death camp, and 109 were shot in the city itself.

On December 1, 1942, the Terebovlya ghetto was created. At that time there were about 2500 people in it.

In 1943 the ghetto was liquidated. The German gendarmerie, with the help of the Ukrainian police, carried out three mass executions of Jews near the village of Plebanivka:
on April 7, 1943, about 1,100 people were shot;
on June 3, 1943, 845 people were shot;
on June 5, 1943, the last 350 inhabitants of the ghetto were shot.

Only a few dozen residents of the ghetto managed to escape and survive.

The ghetto housed two city schools. Prior to the destruction of the ghetto, the children of Polish and Ukrainian families were warned not to come to the lessons.


Brick with a stigma of the Jewish manufacturer Margulis, in the wall of the castle	Archive document with the seal of the Jewish community of Terebovlia

There was a Jewish section on the bank of the Gniezna River, where at different times several synagogues and kloises were located:

- The Great Synagogue and Beit Midrash burned down during a fire in 1910;
- Beit Midrash and Alter Kloiz (Old Kloiz) in the same building. Probably built at the end of the 19th century, destroyed during the Second World War;
- Synagogue of artisans "Yad Harutsim" ("Hand of the Agile"), after the 1950s the building was completely rebuilt;
- Kopychinitser kloyz (kloyz of Kopychin Hasidim), destroyed during World War II;
- Husyatiner kloiz (kloiz of followers of R. Mordechai Shraga Friedman from Husiatyn, son of the Ruzhin's Rebe), destroyed during the Second World War.

The Yad Kharucim synagogue, the Kopychin's and Husiatyn's kloyses were built, apparently, in the 1920s, because these buildings are not shown in the 1917 photograph.


Terebovlya, in the foreground the Great Synagogue, 1905	Great synagogue. Photo by A. Friedrich, 1905	Great synagogue and beit midrash in front of it

Devastated Terebovlya, 1917. On the left - Alter Kloiz and beit midrash, on the right is still empty	Alter kloiz and beit midrash were located in the same building, but with different entrances	Jewish section of Terebovlya in the 1930s, photo by E. Schneeliht

On the left - Alter Kloiz, to the right there is already Husyatiner Kloiz, even more to the right - Kopychinitser Kloyz, behind him - the 2-storey synagogue Yad Harutsim	Husyatiner kloiz, the section of the roof is visible, which was removed during Sukkot to install the sukkah	Polish postcard with a panorama of the castle, the synagogue is visible to the right