Nemyriv

Yavoriv district, Lviv region


In the 19th century, the town became a famous spa resort

Lviv region - list of settlements and location of objects

Nemyriv, 2023

Sources:
- Virtual Shtetl. Niemirow (pol)
- Polish Jewish Heritage Center. Niemirow (heb)
- Jewish Cemeteries Initiative

Photo:
- Center for Jewish art. Nemyriv
- Biblioteka Narodowa Polona. Niemirow

Jews were settling in the town from its foundation in 1570.

The inhabitants of the town suffered from great fires of 1655 and 1834, significantly damaging the town’s infrastructure.

At the beginning of the 18th century, an independent Jewish community already existed in the town, and later that century, the Jewish settlement in the town grew; they took a central part in its economic development.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, the main spheres of the employment of the Jews were trade, renting and craft.

In the 19th century, the town developed significantly and became a famous spa resort. There were also Jews among his employees. They also engaged in crafts and trade, and the items they produced and sold were very rare, such as wooden roof tiles or strainers and nets made of horsehair.

The Jewish population reached 1,445 (55% of the total population) in 1880.

In 1910, there were 1,962 Jews in the town, and most of them belonged to Hasidism.

During WWI, many buildings owned by Jews, as well as the ancient synagogue, were ruined, many Jews left the town.

The Jewish community decreased to 1,298 (53% of the total population) by 1921.

At the end of September 1939, the city came under Soviet occupation. The number of Jews then increased to about 2,500 people, because refugees from other towns arrived in Nemyriv.

In 1941, the Jewish population grew to 2,500 because of refugees from Poland who settled here.

On June 27, 1941 the Germans returned to the town, and murdered 8 Jews in one day. After that, control of the town was transferred to the Ukrainian police, who executed 38 Jews in the settlement who were accused of communism . At the same time, the Jews of the town were kidnapped for forced labor , movement restrictions were imposed on them, and acts of abuse were committed against them, including cutting off their beards and peot.

Judenert , which was later established in the town, regulated the attendance of the Jews for the arduous forced labor, accompanied them in acts of abuse, and handed over large sums of ransom to the authorities. In December 1941, the Germans sent several hundred Jewish men from the town to labor camps. During this period, more Jews arrived in the town who had been expelled from the surrounding villages.

On July 15, 1942, German and Ukrainian police carried out the first action in the town, in which they searched the houses of the Jews in it, while shooting the sick and those hiding. About 800 Jews who were captured were driven in trucks to Rawa Ruska , and a few days later they were sent to the Belzec extermination camp . The apartments of the deportees were later looted by the Ukrainians.

In September 1942, after Rosh Hashanah 5777, a second action was held in the town, in which about 1,000 Jews were murdered. At the end of that month, the last of the town's Jews, who had nothing, were deported to Rave Ruska, and Niemirov was officially declared "free of Jews". Until the liberation of the area in July 1944 The Germans also conducted a hunt for Jews hiding in the woods around the town.

Two of the few Jews from the town who survived the Holocaust were murdered there by Ukrainians after they returned to it.

Nemyriv (Ukrainian: Немирів, once called in Polish: Niemirуw) is an urban-type settlement and a health resort in Lviv region.

The history of Niemirуw, as the town is called in Polish, dates back to the late 15th century, when its owner, a man named Niemierz, tried to turn the village into a town. He failed, and until 1580 Niemirуw, part of Poland's Ruthenian Voivodeship, remained a village. In that year, local nobleman Andrzej Fredro founded a town along a merchant trail. It was officially confirmed by King Stefan Batory, and the Fredro family contributed much to the town's growth.


In Nemyriv, the buildings of 3 synagogues have been preserved. This is the Main synagogue, 1993	Main synagogue, 2021. In the 1960s, the building was rebuilt to school and gym	The second synagogue is the most interesting

It is actually 2 synagogues united under one roof. Photo of 1993	Double synagogue facade drawing	Eastern facade of Double synagogue, 2021

Third synagogue, 1993	In Soviet times, a fire department was placed here	3 synagogues on the plan of the town. Location can be seen on the map of the region

Old Jewish cemetery, 1991